In the potentiometer experiment shown in the figure,for the position $X$ of the jockey $J$,there occurs a null deflection in the galvanometer. Then the potential difference between points $A$ and $X$ is ................ $V$.

$A$ cell,shunted by an $8 \; \Omega$ resistance,is balanced across a potentiometer wire of length $3 \; m$. The balancing length is $2 \; m$ when the cell is shunted by a $4 \; \Omega$ resistance. The value of internal resistance of the cell will be $\dots \; \Omega$.

Define potential gradient and write its $SI$ unit.

The reading of the voltmeter in the following circuit is ................ $V$.

With a potentiometer,null points were obtained at $140 \, cm$ and $180 \, cm$ with cells of $emf$ $1.1 \, V$ and one unknown $X \, V$. The unknown $emf$ is .............. $V$.

In a potentiometer experiment,the balancing length for a cell is $240 \ cm$. On shunting the cell with a resistance of $2 \ \Omega$,the balancing length becomes half the initial balancing length. The internal resistance of the cell is: (in $\Omega$)